ABSTRACT
White matter changes are seen in a spectrum of disorders in children and adolescents. Understanding their distribution and appearance helps to reach diagnoses in daily radiologic practice. This pictorial essay will outline the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearances of diseases with white matter changes including demyelinating diseases, dysmyelinating disorders/leukodystrophies, infections, autoimmune diseases, vascular causes, mitochondrial disorders and neurocutaneous syndromes, along with a brief overview of clinical aspects of the diseases such as typical age of presentation, etiology, symptoms and signs and treatment options. This article highlights important features in common white matter diseases in children and adolescents.
Subject(s)
Demyelinating Diseases , Leukoencephalopathies , Neurocutaneous Syndromes , White Matter , Adolescent , Child , Humans , Demyelinating Diseases/diagnosis , Demyelinating Diseases/pathology , Leukoencephalopathies/diagnostic imaging , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , White Matter/diagnostic imaging , White Matter/pathologyABSTRACT
Sacrococcygeal teratoma is one of the most common tumours in infants but rare in adults. We present a case of sacrococcygeal teratoma in a female adult. The clinical presentation, radiological and histological findings, management, and outcome are described.
Subject(s)
Pelvic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Teratoma/diagnosis , Adult , Female , Humans , Pelvic Neoplasms/surgery , Sacrococcygeal Region , Teratoma/surgeryABSTRACT
Life is full of twists and turns. These surprises can sometimes be wonderfully invigorating. Twists and turns can also occur in the body, however, sometimes with dangerous consequences. Torsion and volvulus are important causes of acute abdominal pain. The clinical symptoms and signs associated with torsion and volvulus are often non-specific and are difficult to diagnose clinically. Clinicians frequently rely on imaging methods to make the diagnosis. Prompt and accurate diagnosis is important to avoid the life-threatening complications of torsion and volvulus. Therefore, it is helpful to be familiar with the features of torsion and volvulus.
Subject(s)
Intestinal Volvulus/diagnostic imaging , Stomach Volvulus/diagnostic imaging , Torsion Abnormality/diagnostic imaging , Abdominal Pain/diagnosis , Abdominal Pain/etiology , Fallopian Tube Diseases/complications , Fallopian Tube Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Fallopian Tube Diseases/pathology , Female , Humans , Intestinal Volvulus/complications , Intestinal Volvulus/pathology , Male , Ovarian Diseases/complications , Ovarian Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Ovarian Diseases/pathology , Radiography , Spermatic Cord Torsion/complications , Spermatic Cord Torsion/diagnostic imaging , Spermatic Cord Torsion/pathology , Stomach Volvulus/complications , Stomach Volvulus/pathology , Torsion Abnormality/complications , Torsion Abnormality/pathology , Uterine Diseases/complications , Uterine Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Uterine Diseases/pathologyABSTRACT
Torsion of the nongravid uterus is a rare but potentially fatal acute abdominal condition. The non-specific clinical presentation of this condition makes preoperative diagnosis difficult. We describe a patient with uterine torsion in whom the diagnosis was made using contrast-enhanced computed tomography with multiplanar reconstruction. Features of uterine torsion and its complications can be demonstrated by computed tomography, which is an important means of making a preoperative diagnosis.
